The Main Structure Of Automobile Tires

Tires are one of the important components of a car. They carry the weight of the vehicle like two feet of a person, and provide traction and braking force for the car to travel on the road. However, in daily life, many people do not have a high understanding of tires. There are many identification parameters on both sides of the tires. Understanding these "codes" on the tires will play a very important role in our daily choice of tires.
The main structure of the tire is that the pneumatic tires commonly used in cars are pneumatic tires, and pneumatic tires can be divided into two types according to their composition structure: tube tires and tubeless tires. Tube tires usually consist of three parts: outer tube, inner tube, and cushion belt. Tubeless tires are similar to tube tires in appearance and structure. The difference is that it has no inner tube and cushion belt, and the air is directly pressed into the outer tire. Its sealing is guaranteed by the outer tire and rim. Since the development of automobiles, tubeless tires have become the mainstream of the on-site market due to their safety and excellent heat dissipation. The outer tire is composed of a carcass, a buffer layer (or a belt layer), a tread, a sidewall, and a bead. The main rubber parts are: tread, sidewall, airtight layer; the main structural parts are belt layer, carcass layer, bead. Tread: synthetic rubber and natural rubber, the main function is to provide friction under dry, wet, snowy, off-road and other road conditions, to ensure high mileage, good road grip and drainage capacity; cap layer: dipped nylon, the main function is to enhance high-speed adaptability and ensure high-speed performance; belt layer: high-strength steel cord, the main function is to enhance the tread area, keep it flat (reduce the movement of the footprint), enhance the shape retention and directional stability of vehicle handling; enhance wear resistance and increase mileage; reduce rolling resistance and protect the carcass layer; carcass layer: dipped rayon or polyester, the main function is to control the internal pressure and maintain the shape of the tire; airtight layer: butyl rubber or halogenated butyl rubber, the main function is to replace the inner tube in tubeless tires, seal the internal air and control the internal pressure. Reduce the penetration of air and moisture into the carcass layer; Sidewall: natural rubber, the main function is to protect the carcass from external damage and atmospheric conditions such as ozone and oxygen; Bead: The main function of the bead is to support the carcass layer and strengthen the lower part of the sidewall so that it can cooperate with the wheel. The bead reinforcement layer is mostly made of nylon and aramid, and its main function is to enhance directional stability and provide steering accuracy; the triangular rubber strip is made of synthetic rubber, which is used to enhance directional stability, provide steering accuracy and improve comfort; the wire ring is mainly made of rubber-attached steel wire or steel wire, which ensures that the tire is firmly fixed on the rim.
Tire specifications: Section width: that is, the width of the tire cross section, which can also be understood as the width of the tire contacting the ground. Generally speaking, the wider the width of the tire, the larger the ground contact area. Under the premise of the same pattern and the same material, the tire's grip and traction are relatively better, and the safety is also better. However, the wider the tire, the greater the rolling resistance, the higher the fuel consumption, and the relatively greater the tire noise, so the wider the tire is, the better it is. The best tire is the one that suits your vehicle. Aspect ratio: the ratio of the height from the rim to the tread to the width of the tire section (expressed as a percentage), that is, the percentage of the height to the width. Aspect ratio has a great influence on the performance of the tire. Generally speaking, the higher the aspect ratio of the tire, the larger the buffer area of ​​the tire, the better the filtering of small vibrations on the road, and the higher the comfort of the tire. The smaller the aspect ratio of the tire, the smaller the deformation of the sidewall when the vehicle turns, the better the tire grip, the faster the steering response speed, and the better the vehicle's handling.
In short, the higher the aspect ratio, the better the comfort, and the lower the aspect ratio, the better the handling. R16: R (Radial tire) stands for radial tire. A radial tire refers to a tire whose internal cord layer is arranged at a 90-degree angle to the center line of the tread, and is named after the shape of the meridian on the globe. Radial tires have become the mainstream of passenger car tires due to their large contact area, good adhesion, long service life, low rolling resistance, and high ride comfort. The main disadvantages of radial tires are thin sidewalls and easy punctures and cuts.
Corresponding to the radial tire is a bias tire, which is also called a normal structural tire. The adjacent cords of the carcass ply and the buffer layer of the bias tire cross and are less than 90 degrees from the center line of the tread. 16 represents the wheel diameter in inches, and 1 inch is approximately equal to 2.54cm. 95: represents the load index, which refers to the maximum weight that the tire can bear under normal tire pressure. For example, 95 represents the maximum weight that a single tire can bear, which is 690KG. W: represents the speed level of the tire, which refers to the maximum permitted speed of the tire. For example, W means that the maximum permitted speed is 270km/h. Generally speaking, the maximum permitted speed of the tire is directly related to the cost of the tire. The higher the permitted speed, the longer the theoretical service life of the tire and the better the fatigue resistance. The wear mark is generally indicated by a triangular arrow on the side of the tire, which forms a double wear mark with the boss in the tread groove, and the design height is 1.6mm. They represent the extreme position of tire wear. When the tire wear is close to the wear mark, the tire needs to be replaced. The wear of the tire pattern and the aging of the tire rubber will gradually reduce the tire's grip and drainage. The grip on wet land will be more severe in rainy and snowy weather. At the same time, after the tire rubber ages, the chance of a tire blowout will also increase with the aging of the tire.